CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
BACKGROUND
Basically, teaching is commonly understood as a
profession that can produce something great when the methods and ideas are
correctly and accurately presented and implemented in the classroom. The
purpose of teaching generally lies in getting students to truly understand the
concepts and methods being taught. Teaching is also known as a series of
activities organized to support the learning process.
With
teaching English learning strategy, we may be able to teach
our students in
learning English easier. In the
chapter one we are just starting in the early elementary teaching
and learning and this is just the definition of
English learning strategy.
Teaching is also can be defined “ As the process of educating
or learnt the learners who are assumed to have several functions, among other,
helped develop and transform positive values while empowering and developing
the potential of the learner’s personality” (Sanusi, 1998).
B.
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
·
How to teaching English
learning strategy?
·
What English learning
strategy?
·
What method to English
learning strategy?
C.
OBJECTIVE PROBLEM
·
To know how to teach
English learning strategy
·
To know what is the
method to teach English learning strategy
·
To understand what the
English learning strategy
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
A.
Definition
of strategy
Strategy is a plan that has not yet
reached one or more goals in a
state of uncertainty. strategy
is learning in human
life. Her examples for teaching strategies
for beginning to
become a teacher. With by using teaching strategies in learning English. We are can know used how
student will understand learning English.
According to the
experts says Henry Mintzberg from McGill University defined strategy as
"a pattern in a stream of decisions" to contrast with a view of
strategy as planning while Max Mckeown (2011) argues that "strategy is
about shaping the future" and is the human attempt to get to
"desirable ends with available means".
O’malley and Chamot also suggests that the strategy is a set of useful
tools and has been active in this
student indirectly developing second language or foreign language. This strategy always
associated with achievement language and skill in used language. based on the opinion of
a teacher in the
language learning process and is
more flexible in thinking and cognitive skills using language that
makes it good and true.
B.
Definition of learning
Learning is acquiring new, or modifying existing,
knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve
synthesizing different types of information. Progress over time tends to follow
learning curves. Learning is not compulsory; it is contextual. It does not
happen all at once, but builds upon and is shaped by what we already know.
Learning is not of from collection knowledge factual and procedural based learning from experience
and not from changes in the organization and changes resulting
permanent relative.
Lev Vygotsky agrees that play is pivotal for children's development, through play there because
of the context of the conversation,
and this is an examination of responsibility of the parents. And In the
book Teaching and Learning Strategies, Gulo (2002) explains the meaning
of learning is a set of mental and intellectual activity which is basically changing behavior. Therefore, learning is a process that goes in one
person who changed his behavior, good behavior in thought and act.
C.
Understanding learning
strategies
Learning strategies and type of
learning is an arable field which has attracted many students of second
language. Learning strategies can be
perceived and interpreted differently describing the nature of the learning strategies
are not directly observed behavior as for through
concrete measures observed by (Huda 1999).
Learning strategies can be described
as the characteristics and behavior. Rubin conducted a study on the differences
between characteristics of successful
language learners and language learning characteristics
that did not work. While oxford define learning
strategies of behavior or action taken in learning
to be successful for language
learning, purpose and enjoy.
Learning strategies
by Mujiono(1992) defined as follows:
Activity teachers to
think about and pursue the consistency such as aspects and components of
instructional system, where teacher to use certain strategies. Because
instructional system an activity, then idea and pursuit consistency aspects
before the components not only implement, bud carried out the time. There are
two many dimensions of strategy. First, dimensions of the design of learning
strategies, and the second dimensions implementation learning strategies.
D. Classification of learning strategies
Learning strategies
according to Huda (1999) can be classified on a few ways. First, the strategies
listed above to learn key strategies and supports strategies, or strategy of
direct and indirect strategies. Second, differentiated learning strategies for
cognitive strategies and meta cognitive strategies. Third, learning strategies
can be classified on the strategies of syntactic and semantic strategies.
Syntactic strategy using function words, there are: prefixes, suffixes, word
classification.
Subyantoro, (2004)
reveral the main types of learning strategies seen from the characteristic of
each individual study divided into:
A. Repeat the strategy
B. Elaboration of strategies
C. Organizational strategy
D. Meta cognitive strategies
A. Repeating the strategy
The strategy consists
of repeating and repeating simple to complex. Simply repeat the strategy used
to just read material and just only memories. Example: simple strategy to
memories phone number, place, time, shopping lists and forth. To remember
memories make marginal notes and rewrite the core information.
B. Elaboration strategies
Some from of
elaboration the strategy is making notes, analogies, and PQ4R. PQ4R stands for
preview ( read glance quickly), question (asked), and 4R stand for read,
reflect, recite, and review. And this to help for students memorize information
reading.
From method
elaboration strategy can help student process of adding details so that new
information will become meaningful and give easier more certainty. Elaboration
strategies help transfer information from the memory in the brain.
C. Organizational strategy
Organization's strategy is to help enhance the
learning and meaningful new
material with the
new organizational structure. The strategy also serves as an identifier of
ideas or keys facts from larger set of information. And students learn to connect a wide variety of
topics or ideas with some of the main ideas.
D. Meta cognitive strategies
Meta cognitive
thinking about associated with students own thinking and the ability to use
appropriate learning strategies. Meta cognitive there two between knowledge about cognition and
cognitive mechanisms of control or monitoring.
O’mally and Chamot
(in huda,1999) separating of learning strategies used by second language
learners, namely meta cognitive strategies and social mediation strategies.
First in the early stages of development of the area, if have two language learning
strategies are motivated by the effort to discover the learning strategies used
by good learners.
Second focused on
developing the next stage of the preparation of a list of learning strategies
for learners who are good compared to the learning strategies and learn less
intelligent. For example cognitive strategies are often combined with meta
cognitive strategies.
Third, stand from
studies strategy the learning used by good and less good learners focus of
study is directed towards preparing the systematics (taxo economic or
typologies) of learning strategies. For example:
- DIRECT STRATEGIES
- I. Memory
- A. Creating mental linkages
- B. Applying images and sounds
- C. Reviewing well
- D. Employing action
- II.Cognitive
- A. Practicing
- B. Receiving and sending messages strategies
- C. Analyzing and reasoning
- D. Creating structure for input and output
- III. Compensation strategies
- A. Guessing intelligently
- B. Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing
- INDIRECT STRATEGIES
- I. Metacognitive Strategies
- A. Centering your learning
- B. Arranging and planning your learning
- C. Evaluating your learning
- II. Affective Strategies
- A. Lowering your anxiety
- B. Encouraging yourself
- C. Taking your emotional temperature
- III. Social Strategies
- A. Asking questions
- B. Cooperating with others
- C. Empathizing with others
It can be seen
that much of the recent work in this area has been underpinned by a broad
concept of language learning strategies that goes beyond cognitive processes to
include social and communicative strategies.
Fourth, a number of studies on learning strategies focused on the
factors on the factors that play a role in the use of learning strategies. The
many factors examined include motivation, gender, cultural, background, type of
task, age, stage of learning language,
and learning styles.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
There
are many ways to teaching learning English learning strategy. Learning strategies are used by students to help them understand
information and solve problems. A learning strategy is a person's approach to
learning and using information. Students who do not know or use good learning
strategies often learn passively and ultimately fail in school. Learning
strategy instruction focuses on making the students more active learners by
teaching them how to learn and how to use what they have learned to solve
problems and be successful.
The Learning Strategies Curriculum has the necessary
breadth and depth to provide a well-designed scope and sequence of strategy
instruction. The curriculum is divided into strands, or categories of skills.